National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (NIRP, China CDC), also named Chinese Center for Medical Response to Radiation Emergency (CCMRRE), was founded in 1965, and is a national specialized technical institution for radiological medicine and radiation protection, affiliated to the Ministry of Health and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and is a professional guiding centre in this field nationwide. The Institute fulfils and assumes the responsibilities and tasks of technical support to the state and technical guidance and training to the local professionals. The Institute is engaged in researches on radiation protection, radiation monitoring and evaluation, population radiation risk evaluation, radiological protection and quality control of ionizing radiation in medicine, radiation dosimetry, radiobiology, radiotoxicology, and environmental radioactivity; in the meantime, the Institute is also charged with the responsibilities of national medical emergency preparedness and response to nuclear and radiation accidents, management of health surveillance and individual monitoring of radiation workers, management of radiological health standards, and management of scientific and technological information on radiological medicine and protection. NIRP now has 162 staff members. It enrolls every year doctoral and graduate students in radiological medicine, hygienic toxicology, and public health (MPH), and holds a postdoctoral circulating station.

For many years, the Institute has kept in close contact and cooperation with international organizations, such as United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effect of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR), World Health Organization (WHO), International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), and International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), and academic bodies and research institutions in United States, Japan, Germany, South Korea and other over ten countries. Research staff of this Institute were delegated over 20 man  times successively as representatives of China to attend the UNSCEAR conferences, one professor serves as member of the third Committee of ICRP, and three staff served as members of ICRP before.